McCarthy reminiscences, premonitions (1955:1962)
CTSS (1963 MC)
Johnniac (1964:1965 JOSS)
Dartmouth (1964 Basic)
IBM M44 (1965 MC)
CP-40 (1965:1966 VM),
LTSS (1965 MC CDC 6600)
Berkeley TS System (1966 MC)
CP/CMS (1966, OS Family),
Multics (1967 MC)
MTS (1967 MC 360/67),
TSS (1967 360/67 MC)
TOPS 10 (1967 PDP-10 MC)
CP-67 (1968 VM 360/67)
VP/CSS (1968 360/67)
ITS (1969 PDP-10 MC) manual
VM/370 (VM 370) (1972 VM)
TENEX (1972 PDP-10)
Cray Time Sharing System (1975)
The OSes that I have marked “MC” provided virtual memory and ran arbitrary machine code.
The OSes that I have marked “VM” emulated privileged commands — virtual machines.
For either MC or VM compilers ran in user mode and produced code that ran in user mode. Sometimes VMs actually fooled conventional operating systems into doing their thing.
Two hardware architectures are of specific interest here, the PDP-6, PDP-10, KL-10 family from Digital Equipment Corporation, and the 360 model 67 (360/67) from IBM, each of which attracted three different timesharing systems. Paging was added to the PDP-6 family by at least three different organizations before DEC finally began to deliver paged machines. IBM planed for people to use TSS on the “360/67” but MTS and CP-67 were each more successful on that hardware. VP/CSS also stemmed from CP-67.